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After the recent deadly devastation caused by a massive tornado in several parts of Iowa, it's wise to review your tornado preparedness plan. From viewing funnel videos on the TV news and online, most of us recognize the types of cloud formations where tornadoes are most likely to form and the freight-train roar that accompanies them. Other clues to a possible tornado formation include a wall cloud, large hail and a dark, greenish sky. If you are worried about the weather, you will likely switch on your TV news reports or local radio stations to find details and listen for tornado sirens. Editorial note: Turning on a battery-powered weather radio is another option, especially if there are no sirens in your immediate area. Be sure to keep yours charged and ready to grab if the weather warrants it. Other pre-storm checks include having a first-aid kit and fire extinguishers at the ready and ensuring all family members know how to access the safest location in your home. Find the safest location If you are in a building structure such as a home, school, office, hospital, or other public building Head to the basement or storm cellar if available; otherwise, go to the lowest level into a windowless interior room or hallway. Stay away from glass windows and doors. Crouch down to make the smallest “target” possible. If available, get under a sturdy piece of furniture such as a bench, heavy table or desk. Use your arms to protect your head and neck and cover up with pillows or blankets to protect yourself from flying glass or other debris. If you are in a vehicle, trailer, or mobile home or are out in the open These areas are all very dangerous during a tornado. Protect yourself as much as you are able. Don’t try to outrun the tornado. If you can, immediately head to the lowest floor of a sturdy nearby building or a storm shelter. Stay away from trees and power lines and watch for lightning if you are outdoors. Lie flat in a nearby ditch or depression and cover your head with your hands; remain vigilant about the possibility of flooding. Do not get under an overpass or bridge. Watch for flying debris, as most tornado-related injuries and fatalities are caused by debris. After a tornado Continue monitoring the storm with a battery-powered radio or TV for emergency information. Be wary of entering any structure that has been damaged. Stay out of any building if you smell gas. Wear sturdy shoes or boots, long sleeves, and gloves when handling or walking on or near debris. Look out for exposed nails and broken glass. Stay away from downed power lines or objects in contact with downed lines. Report electrical hazards. Use battery-powered lanterns rather than candles to light homes without electrical power. Never use generators or charcoal-burning devices inside your home, garage, basement, or camper—or even outside near an open window, door, or vent. A buildup of carbon monoxide can be deadly. Cooperate fully with public safety officials and volunteer to help others in your community if you can. Prepare for the next storm well in advance Especially if you live in a home, trailer, or apartment community without a basement, there are ways to increase your family’s safety: Build a safe room, either an individual room for your family or a community safe room for your apartment or condo association. There are many approved types; start your research with FEMA. Find out more about NOAA weather radios Some details from Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI)

If you cringe every time you have to swap out 4, 6 or 8 disposable batteries in a toy or flashlight, you may have already decided to switch to rechargeables to avoid the hassle of searching through cabinets for new disposables. If you are still considering what to do, read on for the pros and cons of rechargeable batteries. Pros for choosing rechargeables You probably are already using rechargeable batteries in electronics such as smartphones and tablets so you are familiar with how they work. Rechargeable batteries almost always last longer, cost less in the long term and reduce waste compared with single-use batteries and when used in high-demand devices. That’s because many of them continue to work until being charged up to 500 times (2 to 5 years), offering hundreds of hours more use than disposables. Rechargeables perform better and hold a charge longer than in years past (you have probably already noticed this as you have upgraded your phone/tablet through the past few years). Rechargeable batteries for other products have improved, too. They also often last longer on a charge than single-use batteries. They perform better, providing peak performance when used. Rechargeables are rated at 1.2 volts while in use vs. disposables that begin at 1.5 volts, so it may seem as if disposables are more powerful. However, many rechargeables stay near their rated voltage (even at a high current draw) until they are drained. Only for a few low-drain applications can a disposable alkaline battery truly supply higher voltage, and then only when the battery is fairly fresh. The voltage of disposables steadily drops until drained. When current draw is high, the voltage of disposables can drop very quickly. Because they are available in common sizes (AAA, AA, C, D, 9v) you can purchase them for most common uses. By using rechargeable batteries, you are keeping toxic materials out of the landfill. Disposable batteries contain manganese, nickel and steel and add volume to landfills. Cons of going with rechargeables You’ll need a charging unit to keep the batteries charged; if one doesn’t come with your battery pack, you’ll need to purchase one separately. Notes: Use only a charger specified for the type and size of your batteries, don’t leave batteries in the charger for more than 24 hours at a time and don't mix rechargeable battery types in the same charger. If re-charged batteries aren’t used frequently, they may lose their charge while sitting on a shelf for a few months. This makes it important that they stay charged and used. More expensive, low self-discharging rechargeable batteries are available that can last for up to a year in storage. Disposable batteries are best for emergency-preparedness kits because they can last up to a decade on the shelf without draining. Because disposables self-discharge, they aren't always ideal for using with low-draw items such as clocks, TV remotes, portable lights and smoke alarms as they may wear out more quickly. Instead, they work best in items with a higher discharge (toys, remotes and video game controllers). Some devices require the slightly higher initial voltage of an alkaline battery (1.5 volts vs. the 1.2 volts from most rechargeables) to work reliably. For life-saving devices such as smoke alarms, always use the type of battery recommended in the device's manual. They are somewhat more complex to understand than disposables. For example, you'll need to research and understand the various types before selecting the best option for your needs (nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), Nickel-zinc (NiZn), Lithium ion (Li-ion) and Nickel-cadmium (niCd)). Even though they are considered to be more environmentally friendly than disposables, they do have some toxic substances. Rather than trashing them, they must be recycled (some stores or battery companies offer a way to dispose of them). If the power is out, you won’t be able to recharge them.

In March, we know that spring is just around the corner. But we also know that March storms can produce ice instead of (or in addition to) snow. And that ice can be a dangerous force. The added weight of ice on poles can quickly lead to broken power poles and other pole equipment. Ice can also make falling tree branches 30 times heavier and much more likely to break power lines. For example, on a 300-foot span of 1-inch-thick power lines: 1/2 inch of ice adds 281 pounds of weight 1 inch of ice adds 749 pounds of weight 2 inches of ice adds 2,248 pounds of weight In addition, melting ice can cause power outages. If ice on the bottom (neutral) line melts before the lines above, it can cause the lines to touch, leading to an outage. Other ice facts Damage can begin when ice exceeds 1/4 of an inch 1/2 inch of ice can cause a line to sag up to 12 inches Pressure can also be caused by a broken tree limb Both ice and melting ice can cause power outages Ice can form around power lines in a teardrop shape. This shape acts as a wing, causing the line to gain lift and rise with high winds. The ice can also break off, causing unsafe conditions on the ground. Source: Safeelectricity.org

We use our cell phones, tablets and other devices so often that they feel like an extension of our hands. There are a few places where using a device that is plugged into an outlet can be hazardous, however. Do not use a cell phone or other device when it is plugged into an outlet when you: Are in or near a pool or hot tub. Water and electricity are a deadly combination. Electrical current running through water can cause shock or electrocution. Are in the tub or by the sink. Never extend your cell phone or device so that you can reach it while bathing; also, do not plug it in near standing or running water. Are in bed or other soft places. A device can overheat when placed on or under a pillow or soft bedding. Also, charging cubes and cords can malfunction, causing burns, shock or other serious injuries. Hear thunder or lightning. Lightning can cause power surges that are not only harmful to electrical (charging) devices but also to you. Source: Safe Electricity

Extreme winter weather can immobilize an entire region. Even areas that normally experience mild winters can suddenly be hit with heavy snowfall or intense cold. Winter storms can result in closed streets and highways, power outages, and flooding. Take action now to ensure the safety and comfort of your family in the event of extreme winter weather. Before a storm Have snow removal equipment on hand, as well as rock salt to melt ice and sand to improve traction. Regular fuel sources may be cut off, so make sure an alternative is available to heat your home. For example, store a good supply of dry, seasoned wood for your fireplace or wood-burning stove. Keep fire extinguishers on hand and make sure everyone knows how to use them. Fires pose an additional risk when alternate heating sources are in use. Locate your main water supply and valves; make sure you know how to shut them off in case a pipe bursts. Repair roof leaks and keep gutters clear. Trim any tree branches that could fall during a storm. Winterize by caulking and weatherstripping doors and windows, sealing the attic area and installing storm windows. This will help to keep your family safe and comfortable during a storm. During a storm Listen to your radio, television, or NOAA Weather Radio for weather reports and emergency information. Eat regularly and drink ample fluids but avoid caffeine and alcohol. To conserve fuel, keep your residence cooler than normal. Temporarily close off heat to some rooms. Stay dry. Change wet clothing frequently to prevent the loss of body heat. Watch for signs of frostbite; these include loss of feeling and white or pale appearance in extremities such as fingers and toes. If symptoms are detected, get medical help immediately. Drive only when necessary. If you must drive, travel on main roads during daylight hours. Keep others informed of your whereabouts. After a storm Avoid overexertion when shoveling snow. Overexertion can bring on a heart attack, a major cause of death in the winter. If you must shovel snow, stretch before going outside. Help neighbors who may require special assistance including infants, the elderly, and people with disabilities. If the pipes freeze, remove any insulation and open all faucets; pour hot water over the pipes, starting where they were most exposed to the cold. Do not try to thaw them with a blow torch or other open flame. Follow forecasts and be prepared when venturing outside. Major winter storms are often followed by extremely cold conditions. A little forethought and attention to detail will help to ensure that you and your family stay warm, dry and safe this winter, no matter what the weather is outside.

If you’ve noticed a few leaky areas in your home, maybe a draft around an exterior door or a window, sealing those leaks is a quick and easy-to-accomplish New Year’s resolution that can provide you with greater comfort. A bonus: taking these actions may also lower your utility bills for the remainder of the winter and beyond, especially when we experience weather extremes. EXTERIOR SEALING One of the simplest and cheapest means to reduce energy use this winter, and throughout the year, is to seal air leaks on a home’s exterior walls. Caulk and weather-stripping materials are relatively inexpensive and available at hardware and big box stores. It is relatively simple and inexpensive to complete some basic weatherization on a home’s exterior. Most homes can be weatherized around windows, doors and at the base of exterior siding using caulk, weather-stripping and flashing. You'll need to wait for a relatively warm day to do exterior caulking (be sure to check the caulk to find the temperatures needed for application). If this winter proves to be too cold, you may have to wait until spring. Do-it-yourself caulking tips Remove dirt and grit or any loose paint from areas to be caulked (small cracks, gaps). Choose your timing. Try not to caulk in rainy weather or when the temperature is below 40 degrees. Consider also that caulk sets faster on hot days, leaving less time to trim or clean up messy spots. Caulk around new holes or disturbances to outside walls whenever additional pipes or cables are installed. You can also use caulk to seal any gaps between the wall and the trim on your windows. Apply caulk in a continuous motion, forcing it into cracks around windows, by holding the caulk gun at a 45-degree angle to the work surface. Release the handle just before reaching the end of the crack to prevent “run-on” and to reduce waste. Filling larger gaps A can of expanding foam sealant can be used to fit larger, irregularly shaped gaps. You may need to use fillers to plug extra-wide gaps. Fillers come in a wide variety of materials—cotton, fiberglass, foam and sponge rubber. However, these fillers are not designed for exposure to the elements so you will need to caulk or seal over them. To close gaps too wide for foam use foil-faced bubble wrap. For really large holes, cut sections of rigid foam insulation to fit and glue into place with expanding foam before covering the area with wood or another appropriate building material. SEALING INDOORS Put plastic on windows if needed, caulk and seal air leaks around attic doors, and install foam gaskets behind outlet covers and switch plates. Foam gaskets are used to seal switches and outlets that do not already have a tight seal against the wall. Air can leak through interior walls, flowing up into the attic, as well as through exterior walls. So, install the gaskets on all your walls, exterior as well as interior ones. Plastic safety plugs can be used to stop air leaks through unused electrical outlets. Other steps to lower utility costs In cold weather, turn the thermostat down as much as safely possible, especially when sleeping or whenever the home is unoccupied. A programmable thermostat can help you automatically adjust the temperature for maximum savings and comfort. Add layers of clothing and bedding. Also, turn off extra lights, electronic devices or infrequently used appliances. Contact us about conducting a home energy audit and for advice on other steps you can take to keep your monthly electric bills as low as possible. Source: Iowa Utilities Board More Information ENERGY STAR's Do-It-Yourself Guide to Home Sealing Effective Means of Reducing Energy Costs from the Iowa Utilities Board

Historic and prolonged Artic weather across the central and southern US in mid-February created unprecedented electric load demand in the region. The Northwest Iowa Power Cooperative (NIPCO) service territory was impacted by energy emergency declarations by its regional transmission operator Southwest Power Pool (SPP). For the better part of the week of February 15, NIPCO, along with its primary power providers, Basin Electric Power Cooperative and Western Area Power Administration (WAPA), monitored and responded to energy grid emergency declarations from SPP, NIPCO’s regional transmission operator. SPP is a regional transmission organization that is tasked with the responsibilities of ensuring reliable supplies of power, adequate transmission infrastructure and competitive wholesale electricity prices on behalf of its members. Basin Electric and WAPA (Western Area Power Administration) own generation and transmission resources, and NIPCO owns high-voltage transmission and substation infrastructure in SPP which allows NIPCO’s cooperative network to sell its power into the market and buy member power needs from the market when prices are low. During the extreme weather events of February 14-18, simply put: the amount of electricity usage in the SPP service footprint exceeded the amount of available generation. Under these conditions, simple economic theory prevails: Electric demand was higher than electric supply and electric market prices skyrocketed. The ability for Basin and WAPA to generate electricity limited NIPCO and its member cooperatives’ exposure to extraordinarily high market prices. During this time, now deemed a “Grid Emergency”, SPP directed its member utilities to shed electric load in a controlled process in response to its evolving Emergency Energy Alert (EEA) Levels. SPP enacted curtailment measures, relative to the severity of the EEA Level (Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3), to prevent a damaging, system-wide blackout which could take days to restore. EEA Level 3 orders are very rare and are only implemented when electric demand outpaces supply. SPP limited curtailment directives to just two periods of controlled outages: one on February 15 for 50 minutes and one on February 16 for three hours and 21 minutes. These actions prevented longer, uncontrolled, more widespread, and more costly blackouts. While Iowa cooperative service territories were, each, impacted in different ways, NIPCO’s mature load management system proved valuable as it served to prevent the occurrence of controlled blackouts to members and consumers in western Iowa communities served by NIPCO and its member cooperatives. NIPCO’s load management system, known as Switch Makes Cents, was developed in 1983 to reduce electric demand by shedding load during times of peak use. To date, approximately 18,000 load-control switches have been installed in homes and businesses in western Iowa. During February’s Grid Emergency, load control of equipment such as water heaters, and generators, contributed to the reduction of 15 MW of load during high-demand periods. NIPCO was directed to further reduce its electric load and, for the first time in NIPCO’s 38-year load management history, interrupted operation of electric heating systems (an additional 20 MW reduction) for 36 minutes over a one-hour time period. Except for the rare, February heat control activation, all of NIPCO’s load-shed curtailment directives from SPP were satisfied through normal operation of the Switch Makes Cents load management program. While load control in the NIPCO system played a significant role in preventing catastrophic grid implications, so did cooperative members’ adherence to public appeals to voluntarily reduce electric demand. During the February event, cooperative members conserved energy when they could, which decreased demand levels below SPP’s forecasted numbers. Decreased demand brought on by voluntary conservation measures helped to, further, minimize service interruptions across the entire SPP footprint. SPP plans to collaborate with entities like NIPCO to ensure the region is equipped to manage future Grid Emergencies. While the February Grid Emergency pushed many electric cooperatives and utilities past its limits, NIPCO’s system proved strong, and much was learned from the experience. NIPCO continues to collaborate with members and industry partners to improve its response protocols, should another Grid Emergency take place. NIPCO reinforced its load-shed strategy with its members which prioritizes what equipment will be controlled, and for how long, as well as identifying substations that serve critical loads such as a hospital, school, or nursing home. NIPCO continues to promote the benefits of long-term wholesale purchase power agreements contracted between NIPCO and its power providers. These long-term agreements enable participants, such as NIPCO and its membership, to share risk over time and provides protection against paying high market prices during extreme weather events. NIPCO and its Class A Members will pay the same rate during and after the energy emergency as was paid before because we have long term resources available to serve our load. As we look back on this event, it is important to note that communication, transparency, accountability, and a commitment to keeping reliable electricity flowing throughout western Iowa remained a top priority among the NIPCO staff and its members. While the February Grid Emergency was just one more event to add to the “Unprecedented Event List”, it illustrates that a balanced and diverse generation mix, a robust load management system, resilient infrastructure, and the power of being a member of a cooperative family proves that we can survive any storm…together.